Chronic stress in shelter or clinical environments suppresses the immune system, delaying recovery from surgery or illness.

Visceral pain from inflammatory bowel disease or pancreatitis can manifest as pica (eating non-food items), post-prandial aggression, or sleep disturbances. Chronic pruritus (itching) from atopic dermatitis creates a state of chronic irritability and hyper-reactivity, lowering the threshold for fear-based aggression.

The intersection of and veterinary science (often called Veterinary Behavioral Medicine) is a specialized field focused on the relationship between an animal's physical health and its psychological well-being.

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