The PDF had a quiet chapter on parchment vs. paper. Paper (from Islamic Spain and Italy) made notebooks affordable. Scholars could take notes, revise, argue in margins. Universities — Paris, Oxford, Bologna — thrived on cheap(er) writing. That shift enabled Scholasticism, then humanism. The printing press (1450) just accelerated what paper had already set in motion.
Historia Medieval II: Crisis y Transformación (Siglos XIII-XV) Introducción historia medieval ii siglos xiiixv pdf new